Andrew Tomcik is a professor, graphics designer and visual communications consultant. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, and received a Diploma from the Cleveland Institute of Art (1960) and a B. F. A. and an M. F. A. from the Yale University School of Art and Architecture in New Haven, Connecticut (1964,1965). Prior to teaching at York University, Tomcik had a professional practice in corporate design and taught at Georgia State University (1967-74), directing its Division of Applied Design and Crafts (1973-1974). At York University, Tomcik is a Professor of Fine Arts (1974-present) and has been Chair of the Department of Visual Arts (1981-84, 1990-91). He has written numerous articles on design and has presented art and designs for publications such as Azure, Scan, Graphis Posters and Graphic Design Journal. His work has been exhibited and published in North America, Europe and China. As a consultant, Tomcik has created designs, artwork and posters for clients such as Companion magazine and I.B.M. and many departments at York University. Honours include the OCUFA Teaching Award in 1986 and four publication design awards from the Canadian Church Press (1988). He is a member of and has held prominent positions in the Society of Graphic Designers of Canada and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. More recently, Tomcik was Master of Winters College, York University.
(from Wikipedia entry)
Ferdinand Tönnies (26 July 1855, near Oldenswort, Eiderstedt, North Frisia, Schleswig - 9 April 1936, Kiel, Germany) was a German sociologist and philosopher. He was a major contributor to sociological theory and field studies, best known for his distinction between two types of social groups, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. He was also a prolific writer and co-founder of the German Society for Sociology (of which he was president from 1909 to 1933, when he was ousted by the Nazis). Ferdinand Tönnies was born into a wealthy farmer's family in North Frisia, Schleswig (today Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Holstein), then under Danish rule. He studied at the universities of Jena, Bonn, Leipzig, Berlin, and Tübingen. He received a doctorate in Tübingen in 1877 (with a Latin thesis on the ancient Siwa Oasis). Four years later he became a private lecturer at the University of Kiel. Because he had sympathized with the Hamburg dockers' strike of 1896, the conservative Prussian government considered him to be a social democrat, and Tönnies was not called to a professorial chair until 1913. He held this post at the University of Kiel for only three years. He returned to the university as a professor emeritus in 1921 and taught until 1933 when he was ousted by the Nazis, due to his earlier publications that criticized them.
Tönnies, the first German sociologist proper, published over 900 works and contributed to many areas of sociology and philosophy. Many of his writings on sociological theories — including Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft (1887) — furthered pure sociology. He coined the metaphysical term Voluntarism. Tönnies also contributed to the study of social change, particularly on public opinion, customs and technology, crime, and suicide. He also had a vivid interest in methodology, especially statistics, and sociological research, inventing his own technique of statistical association. Tönnies distinguished between two types of social groupings. Gemeinschaft — often translated as community (or left untranslated)— refers to groupings based on feelings of togetherness and on mutual bonds, which are felt as a goal to be kept up, their members being means for this goal. Gesellschaft — often translated as society — on the other hand, refers to groups that are sustained by it being instrumental for their members' individual aims and goals.
Gemeinschaft may be exemplified historically by a family or a neighborhood in a pre-modern (rural) society; Gesellschaft by a joint-stock company or a state in a modern society, i.e. the society when Tönnies lived. Gesellschaft relationships arose in an urban and capitalist setting, characterized by individualism and impersonal monetary connections between people. Social ties were often instrumental and superficial, with self-interest and exploitation increasingly the norm. Examples are corporations, states, or voluntary associations.
His distinction between social groupings is based on the assumption that there are only two basic forms of an actor's will, to approve of other men. (For Tönnies, such an approval is by no means self-evident, he is quite influenced by Thomas Hobbes). Following his "essential will" ("Wesenwille"), an actor will see himself as a means to serve the goals of social grouping; very often it is an underlying, subconscious force. Groupings formed around an essential will are called a Gemeinschaft. The other will is the "arbitrary will" ("Kürwille"): An actor sees a social grouping as a means to further his individual goals; so it is purposive and future-oriented. Groupings around the latter are called Gesellschaft. Whereas the membership in a Gemeinschaft is self-fulfilling, a Gesellschaft is instrumental for its members. In pure sociology — theoretically —, these two normal types of will are to be strictly separated; in applied sociology — empirically — they are always mixed.
Tönnies’ distinction between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, like others between tradition and modernity, has been criticized for over-generalizing differences between societies, and implying that all societies were following a similar evolutionary path, an argument which he never proclaimed.
The equilibrium in Gemeinschaft is achieved through morals, conformism, and exclusion - social control - while Gesellschaft keeps its equilibrium through police, laws, tribunals and prisons. Amish, Hassidic communities are examples of Gemeinschaft, while states are types of Gesellschaft. Rules in Gemeinschaft are implicit, while Gesellschaft has explicit rules (written laws).
For more information see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_T%C3%B6nnies .
The Toronto Dance Theatre was founded in 1968 by Patricia Beatty, founder of The New Dance Group of Canada, Peter Randazzo, principal dancer with the Martha Graham Company, and David Earle, former artistic director of London Contemporary Dance Theatre. Beattie, Randazzo and Earle stepped down as artistic directors in the spring of 1983 and were replaced by Kenny Pearl. The present artistic director of the Toronto Dance Theatre is Christopher House. Since their first performance in 1968, the Toronto Dance Theatre has performed in every province across Canada and has toured in the United States, Europe and Asia. The majority of the company's repertoire consists of the choreography of the three founders including "Against Sleep" (Beatty 1968), "Court of Miracles" (Earle 1982), and "A Simple Melody" (Randazzo 1977). House, who choreographed "Glass Houses" (1983), won a Jean A. Chalmers award for his achievements. The School of Toronto Dance Theatre was also founded in 1968, at the same time as the Toronto Dance Theatre. The dance school, the first of its kind in Canada, offers a comprehensive training program in modern dance. Both the Company and the School are administered by the Toronto Dance Foundation.
The Toronto Musicians' Association (TMA) was founded in Toronto, Ontario on December 2, 1887 under the name of the Toronto Orchestral Association (TOA) with the objective of providing a labour union for musicians in the City of Toronto. The TOA changed its name to the Toronto Musical Protective Association (TMPA) in 1894. The TMPA originally only initiated members of the orchestral community into its association, although in 1897 initiation rights were extended to the bandsmen of the city.
On 15 June 1901, the TMPA became part of the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and became its Local 149 while also retaining its own constitution and operating rights. Fees paid to the TMPA included a one-time initiation fee to the AFM. In April 1952, AFM's International Secretary granted the TMPA's request of a name change to the Toronto Musicians' Association.
The TMA's Executive Board, which became its board of directors September 1952, is responsible for the administration of the association. Regular board meetings are held as well as general meetings for the association.
Several funds were set up for the benefit of the members: the Benevolent Fund, first mentioned in 1889, provided members with relief funds in times of need. The funds were administered through the Relief Committee. The TMA maintained three other funds for its membership: the General Fund, the Contract Defence Fund, and the Health, Education, and Welfare Fund. Through the AFM, TMA members also were able to into a pension fund.
In January 1932, "The Bulletin", the TMA's first newsletter, was published. The newsletter was renamed "Crescendo" in February 1958.. Crescendo continues to be published by the TMA. From 1934 to 1956, the TMA participated in the Promenade Symphony Concert orchestra as an initiative to provide summer employment to its members and to provide weekly conceit series for the citizens of Toronto. The TMA's Musician's Club was created in October 1962 for the accommodation, recreation and convenience of the association's members.The TMA also offers its members advice pertaining to all areas of the music business, from legal protection to instrument insurance, to dental and pension plans, as well as access to working visas for the United States.
Currently, TMA membership also provides membership in the Canadian Federation of Musicians (CFM), the American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM) and after two years as a TMA member, with periodic work (at least every six months) under TMA/CFM/AFM contracts, members can join the Musicians Pension Fund of Canada.
The 'Toronto telegram' (originally the 'Evening telegram,') was launched in 1876 by John Ross Robertson. The 'Tely' strongly supported the British connection in Canada, appealing to British and Imperial sentiments even after Canadian nationalism became fashionable. The newspaper was locked in a circulation war with its afternoon rival, the 'Toronto star', for much of the twentieth century. The battle involved giveaway contests, scoops, and even hiding personalities (like swimmer Marilyn Bell) from the competition to ensure exclusive stories. Following Robertson's death, the paper was continued by a trust he had established. In 1948 the newspaper was sold to George McCullagh, owner of the Toronto Globe & mail, who invited John Bassett to act as publisher. In 1952 Bassett bought the newspaper and attempted to best the Star with new features in his newspaper, the introduction of colour photography (which meant the demise of the famous 'pink' newsprint on which the "Tely" had been printed), and other modernizations (including a news office building). Falling circulation and lack of advertising led Bassett to close the newspaper in 1971.
(from Wikipedia entry and ODNB)
Sir Donald Francis Tovey (17 July 1875 – 10 July 1940) was a British musical analyst, musicologist, writer on music, composer, conductor and pianist. He had been best known for his Essays in Musical Analysis and his editions of works by Bach and Beethoven, but since the 1990s his compositions (relatively small in number but substantial in musical content) have been recorded and performed with increasing frequency. The recordings have mostly been well received by reviewers.
Tovey began to study the piano and compose at an early age. He eventually studied composition with Hubert Parry.
He became a close friend of eminent violinist, and friend of Brahms, Joseph Joachim, and played piano with the Joachim Quartet in a 1905 performance of perhaps Brahms's most highly regarded chamber work, the F minor Piano Quintet, Op. 34. He gained moderate fame as a composer, to the point of having his works performed in Berlin and Vienna as well as in London. He performed his own Piano Concerto under Sir Henry Wood in 1903, and under Hans Richter in 1906. During this period he also contributed heavily to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, writing many of the articles on music of the 18th and 19th centuries.
In 1914 he began to teach music at the University of Edinburgh, succeeding Frederick Niecks as Reid Professor of Music; there he founded the Reid Orchestra. For their concerts he wrote a series of programme notes, many of which were eventually collected into the books for which he is now best known, the Essays in Musical Analysis.
As he devoted more and more time to the Reid Orchestra, to writing essays and commentaries and to editing his editions of Bach and Beethoven, Tovey composed and performed less often later in life; but the few major pieces he did complete in his latter years are on a large scale, such as his Symphony of 1913 and the Cello Concerto completed in 1935 for his longtime friend Pablo Casals, of Mahlerian length. He also wrote an opera, The Bride of Dionysus. In illustrated radio talks recorded in his last few years, his playing is severely affected by a problem with one of his hands.
Tovey made several editions of other composers' music, including a 1931 completion of Bach's Die Kunst der Fuge (The Art of Fugue). His edition of the 48 Preludes and Fugues of Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, in two volumes (Vol. 1, March 1924; Vol. 2, June 1924), with fingerings by Harold Samuel, for the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music, has been reprinted continually ever since. His completion of the (presumed) final unfinished fugue in The Art of Fugue has nothing of pastiche about it, and in fact has often been recorded as the final piece of the set.
Tovey married Margaret Cameron, the daughter of a Scottish painter, on 22 April 1916, but it was not a happy marriage. The couple adopted a baby boy in 1919 but divorced in 1922. Tovey would later marry Clara Georgina Wallace (ca. 1875-1944) on 29 December 1925.
He was knighted in 1935, reportedly on the recommendation of Sir Edward Elgar, who greatly admired Tovey's edition of Bach.
He died in 1940 in Edinburgh. His archive, including scores, letters, handwritten programme notes and annotations in the scores of others, is housed in the Special Collections Unit of the University of Edinburgh library. In 2009 Richard Witts created a simple catalogue of the archival material available from the University on-line.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tovey and Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
(from Wikipedia entry)
Meredith White Townsend (1831-1911) was an English journalist and editor of the The Spectator. With Richard Holt Hutton, he was joint-editor of the Spectator until 1887, and he was largely instrumental in making it an established success, writing most of the political articles and the opening paragraphs every week. His two chief publications were The Great Governing Families of England (1865), written in conjunction with Langton Sanford, and Asia and Europe (1901).
Townsend was considered as one of the finest journalists of his day, and he has since been called "the greatest leader writer ever to appear in the English Press." Townsend was born at Bures, Suffolk on April 1, 1831. He was educated at Ipswich Grammar School. In 1848, he went out to India, and four years later became editor of the Friend of India, acting also for some years as Times correspondent. In 1860, Townsend returned to England and purchased the weekly Spectator in partnership with Hutton. Townsend and Hutton remained co-proprietors and joint editors for 25 years, taking a strong stand on some of the most controversial issues of their day. They supported the Federalists against the South in the American Civil War, an unpopular position which, at the time, did some damage to the paper’s circulation, though gained readers in the long run when the North won. They also launched an all-out assault on Benjamin Disraeli, accusing him in a series of leaders of jettisoning ethics for politics by ignoring the atrocities committed against Bulgarian civilians by Turkey in the 1870s. Towsend published Asia and Europe in 1901, the studies presenting the conclusions formed by him in a long life devoted to the subject of the relations between Asia and Europe. He had previously published The Great Governing Families of England (1865) in partnership with John Langton Sanford. The book detailed the histories of the great administrator-families of England. Townsend also contributed to a biography of the Islamic prophet Mohamed, which was presented predominantly from a British Imperial point of view. In 1887, Townsend was succeeded by John St Loe Strachey, a young aristocrat who had replaced H.H. Asquith (the future Prime Minister) as a leader-writer of the Spectator during the previous year." Townsend died at Little Bookham, Surrey on 21 October 1911.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meredith_Townsend .
(from Wikipedia entry)
Henry Duff Traill (14 August 1842 - 21 February 1900), was a British author and journalist.
Born at Blackheath, he belonged to an old Caithness family, the Traills of Rattar, and his father, James Traill, was the stipendiary magistrate of Greenwich and Woolwich Police Court. He was sent to the Merchant Taylors' School, where he rose to be head of the school and obtained a scholarship at St. John's College, Oxford. Initially destined for the profession of medicine, Traill took his degree in natural sciences in 1865 but then he read for the bar and was called in 1869. In 1871 he received an appointment as an Inspector of Returns for the Board of Education, a position which left him leisure to cultivate his gift for literature.
In 1873 he became a contributor to the Pall Mall Gazette, then under the editorship of Frederick Greenwood. He followed Greenwood to the St. James's Gazette when in 1880 the Pall Mall Gazette took for a time the Liberal side, and he continued to contribute to that paper up to 1895. In the meantime he had also joined the staff of the Saturday Review, to which he sent, among other writings, weekly verses upon subjects of the hour. Some of the best of these he republished in 1882 in a volume called Recaptured Rhymes, and others in a later collection of Saturday Songs (1890).
He was also a leader-writer for the Daily Telegraph and edited The Observer from 1889 until 1891, which experienced an increase in circulation during his time there. In 1897 he became first editor of Literature, when that weekly paper (afterwards sold and incorporated with the Academy) was established by the proprietors of The Times, and directed its fortunes until his death.
Traill's long connection with journalism must not obscure the fact that he was a man of letters rather than a journalist. He wrote best when he wrote with least sense of the burden of responsibility. His playful humour and his ready wit were only given full scope when he was writing to please himself. One of his most brilliant jeux d'esprit was a pamphlet which was published without his name soon after he had begun to write for the newspapers. It was called The Israelitish Question and the Comments of the Canaan Journals thereon (1876). This told the story of the Exodus in articles which parodied very cleverly the style of all the leading journals of the day, and was at once recognized as the work of a born humorist. Traill sustained this reputation with The New Lucian, which appeared in 1884 (2nd ed., with several new dialogues, 1900); but for the rest his labors were upon more serious lines. He directed the production of a vast work on Social England in 1893-1898; he wrote, for several series of biographies, studies of Coleridge (1884), Sterne (1882), William III (1888), Shaftesbury (1886), Strafford (1889), and Lord Salisbury (1891); he compiled a biography of Sir John Franklin, the Arctic explorer (1896); and after a visit to Egypt he published a volume on the country, and in 1897 appeared his book on Lord Cromer, the man who had done so much to bring it back to prosperity. Of these the literary studies are the best, for Traill possessed great critical insight. He published two collections of essays: Number Twenty (1892), and The New Fiction (1897). In 1865 his Glaucus, a tale of a Fish, was produced at the Olympic Theatre with Miss Nellie Farren in the part of Glaucus. In conjunction with Mr. Robert Hichens he wrote The Medicine Man, produced at the Lyceum in 1898. He died in London on the 21st of February 1900.
He also edited the Centenary edition of the Works of Thomas Carlyle (30 volumes, Chapman and Hall, 1896-1907), writing introductions to the various works.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Duff_Traill .
Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (January 30, 1813 – April 24, 1875) was an English biblical scholar, textual critic, and theologian.
May be G.M. Trevelyan.
Eric Lansdown Trist (September 11, 1909 – June 4, 1993) was an influential British theorist in the fields of psychology and organizational development. Trist was born to a British Naval Officer and Scottish mother in Dover, England, where he spent his early life. After completing his primary school education at the Dover County School in 1928, Trist read English Literature and Psychology at the University of Cambridge. While there, he studied under psychologist Sir Frederick Bartlett and influential British literary critics, F.R. Leavis and I.A. Richards, and was heavily influenced by the ideas of Kurt Lewin, whom he later met on more than one occasion. Trist graduated from Cambridge in 1933, whereupon he became the Commonwealth Fund Fellow in Social Psychology and Anthropology at Yale University until 1935. From 1935-1940, Trist was a member of the department of Psychology at the University of St. Andrew's, Scotland. During the war, he worked as a psychologist and researcher at the Institute of Psychiatry at Mill Hill Emergency Hospital, University of London, and as a senior psychologist with the War Office Selection Board. This led to a post-war position advising the British Army's Civil Resettlement Scheme for British repatriated prisoners of war. For this work, Trist was designated an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (OBE).
In 1946, Trist helped launch the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations, a British charity dedicated to research in organizational and group behaviour. He acted as the Institute's Deputy-Chair until 1958 and as Chair from 1958 to 1966. From 1960 to 1961, Trist was a Ford Fellow at the Centre for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. In 1966, he became professor of organizational behaviour and social ecology at the University of California Los Angeles, a post he held until 1969. At this time, he joined the faculty at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, as professor of organizational behaviour and social ecology, a position from which he retired to Emeritus status in 1978. Following this, Trist became a professor in the Faculty of Environmental Studies at York University, again teaching organizational development and social ecology. In 1979, Trist was named a Fellow of the International Academy of Management. In 1983, he was awarded an honourary LLD from York University. He retired from academia in 1985.
During his career, Trist authored and co-authored numerous works in the social sciences, including Organizational Choice: Capabilities of Groups at the Coal Face Under Changing Technologies (Tavistock, 1963) and Towards a Social Ecology (with Fred Emery, Plenum Press, 1973). He was co-editor (with Hugh Murray) of The Social Engagement of Social Science: A Tavistock Anthology (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1990).
(from Wikipedia entry)
Wilfred Batten Lewis Trotter, FRS (1872-1939) was a British surgeon, a pioneer in neurosurgery. He was also known for his studies on social psychology, most notably for his concept of the herd instinct, which he first outlined in two published papers in 1908, and later in his famous popular work Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War. Trotter argued that gregariousness was an instinct, and studied beehives, flocks of sheep and wolf packs. Born in Coleford, Gloucestershire in 1872, Trotter moved to London to attend college at age 16. An excellent medical student, he decided to specialize in surgery and was appointed Surgical Registrar at University College Hospital in 1901 and Assistant Surgeon in 1906. He opened his own practice after obtaining his medical degree. He was also a keen writer, with an interest in science and philosophy. In 1908, he published two papers on the subject of herd mentality, which were precursors to his later, more famous, work.
Working at University College Hospital in London as professor of surgery, he held the office of honorary surgeon to King George V from 1928 to 1932. He was also a member of the Council of the Royal Society that conferred their Honorary Membership on Professor Freud, whom he attended after his move to England. Later he was consulted about Freud's terminal cancer, in 1938. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1931. In the last years of his life, he became professor and director of the surgical unit at UCH and turned to writing on a larger scale.
He died in Blackmoor, Hampshire in 1939. The Collected Papers of Wilfred Trotter, an anthology of his final essays, appeared two years after his death.
Trotter was also the surgeon, at University College London for whom Wilfred Bion worked as a resident in his own medical training, before he famously studied groups and trained as a psychoanalyst at the Tavistock Institute. In her account of Bion's life "The Days of our Years," his wife Francesca writes of the great influence Trotter had on the direction of Bion's work on group relations.
Edward Bernays, author of Propaganda and nephew to Freud, also refers to Trotter and Gustave Le Bon in his writings.
He met Sigmund Freud several times. According to Ernest Jones (Freud's first biographer), "he was one of the first two or three in England to appreciate the significance of Freud's work, which I came to know through him. He was one of the rapidly diminishing group who attended the first International Congress at Salzburg in 1908". Trotter's popular book, The Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War is an analysis of group psychology and the ability of large numbers of people to be swayed by innate tendency. In it he popularised in English the concept, first developed by French sociologist Gustave Le Bon, of an instinct overriding the will of the individual in favour of the group.
Trotter's writings about the herd mentality, which began as early as 1905 and were published as a paper in two parts in 1908 and 1909 are considered by some to represent a breakthrough in the understanding of group behaviour, long before its study became important in a variety of fields, from workplace relations to marketing. includes ltter from Trotter to Dr. F. van Eeden.
For more information see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfred_Trotter.
Albert Tucker, former principal at Glendon College (1970-1975) and professor of history, taught at the college from 1966.
During the Second World War, Tucker served in the ground crew of the Tactical Air Force. After demobilization, he returned to Canada and enrolled in the University of Toronto through the Veterans Education Plan. He earned his PhD at Harvard University before joining Glendon's history faculty.
Heavily involved in the administration of the university, Tucker has served on University Senate and various committees.
“Turbo Street Funk defy convention; whether they’re playing a festival, pub, concert hall, or even on a busy street corner, the infectious sounds of Turbo Street Funk always sound at home. With a performance style rooted in the New Orleans horn band tradition, Turbo Street Funk combine Top 40 hits with top notch originals in an incendiary show that gets people moving. Formed in 2011, Turbo Street Funk started as a professional busking band, performing on the streets of Toronto four days a week each spring and summer while members of the band attended university. [...] The band quickly drew the attention of Canadian jazz legend, Richard Underhill, who introduced them to fellow “Shuffle Demon” and music producer, George Koller. With George at the helm, Turbo Street Funk released their debut album, To The Street, in May 2014 at Toronto’s legendary Horseshoe Tavern. The album features unique artwork and design from JUNO Award Winning graphic artist, Michael Wrycraft.” https://turbostreetfunk.com/bio
Barbara Turnbull, Toronto star reporter, advocate and disability activist, was born February 7, 1965 in Montreal, Quebec as the third born of five daughters. At the age of seven, she moved with her mother and four sisters to Mississauga, Ontario where she attended elementary and high school.
On September 23, 1983 Turnbull was working part time at a Becker’s convenience store in Mississauga when the store was robbed at gunpoint. Turnbull was shot in the neck and sustained a spinal cord injury which resulted in her becoming quadriplegic. The event became high profile news, and the media, particularly in the Greater Toronto Area, followed Turnbull’s recovery and the subsequent criminal trial for the men involved in the shooting, into 1985.
In the years after her injury, Turnbull took courses at the University of Toronto, and eventually moved to attend Arizona State University, where she received a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, graduating Magna Cum Laude and as the class valedictorian. Upon returning to Toronto in 1990, she was hired by the Toronto Star as a reporter, where she then worked for the next twenty-five years.
Turnbull became an outspoken and avid advocate for those with spinal cord injuries such as herself. This advocacy led to the founding of the Barbara Turnbull Foundation for Spinal Cord Research, and the creation of the Turnbull-Tator Award in Spinal Cord Injury and Concussion Research, alongside Dr. Charles Tator, one of Barbara’s original doctors at the time of her injury. The award aims to annually recognize outstanding publication by an independent researcher at a Canadian institution in the field of spinal chord and/or brain injury. Turnbull’s advocacy efforts extended to creating real change toward accessibility. In 1993, Turnbull filed a complaint with the Ontario Humans Rights Commission over the lack of accessibility in cinemas operated by Famous Players. (Four other complaints were made by Marilyn Chapman, Domenic Fragale, Ing Wong-Ward and Steven Macaulay.) In 2001, the court ruled in Turnbull’s favor and as a result Famous Players was required to make all their cinemas fully accessible, which resulted in a few downtown theatres being permanently closed.
Throughout her career, Turnbull was acknowledged by many organizations for her work and advocacy, including two honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Toronto and York University. Posthumously, she was awarded the Order of Canada.
Turnbull died in 2015 at the age of 50.
(from Wikipedia entry)
Herbert Hall Turner FRS (13 August 1861, Leeds - 20 August 1930, Stockholm) was a British astronomer and seismologist. Herbert Hall Turner was educated at Clifton College and Trinity College, Cambridge., In 1884 he accepted the post of Chief Assistant at Greenwich Observatory and stayed there for nine years. In 1893 he became Savilian Professor of Astronomy and Director of the Observatory at Oxford University, a post he held for 37 years until his sudden death in 1930.
He was one of the observers in the Eclipse Expeditions of 1886 and 1887. In seismology, he is credited with the discovery of deep focus earthquakes. He is also credited with coining the word parsec.
His 1897 Royal Society candidature citation read: " Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society. Was Chief Assistant at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich 1884-1894. Author of various papers among which may be mentioned:-
"On the correction of the Equilibrium theory of tides for the continents (with G H Darwin, Proc.RS. vol lx)
"Report of observations of total solar eclipse of Aug 29 1886" (Phil Trans. vol 180A),
"On Mr Edgeworth's method of reducing observations relating to several quantities" (Phil. Mag. Vol24).
"On Mr Leath's Intersects" (Monthly Notices R.A.S. vol xlvi).
"On observations for coincidence of collimators at Royal Observatory Greenwich" (M,N. Vols xlv and liii).
"On the variations of level against of the Transit Circle at Royal Observatory Greenwich" (M.N. Vol.xlvii).
"On the longitude of Paris" (M.N. vol li).
"on stellar Photography" (M.N. Vols xlix and liv)
On the R-D discordnace (M.N. vol Liii p. 374 and 424, vol Liv p. 486, Mem Part. 3. vol ii);
On new forms of levels (M.N. Vol Lii).
Conference of the Cape (1880) and Greenwich (1880)
Star Catalogues (Mem. Rs.F.S, vol Li).
On the reduction of measures of photographic plates (N.N. vol LiV)
He co edited the first official history of the Royal Astronomical Society along with John Louis Emil Dreyer, History of the Royal Astronomical Society 1820-1920 (1923, reprinted 1987).
He died of a brain haemorrhage in 1930 at a conference in Stockholm. He had married Agnes Margaret Whyte in 1899; they had one daughter, Dr Ruth Turner of St Mary's Hospital, London.
A few months before Turner's death in 1930, the Lowell Observatory announced the discovery of a new minor planet, and an eleven-year-old Oxford schoolgirl, Venetia Burney, proposed the name Pluto for it to her grandfather Falconer Madan, who was retired from the Bodleian Library, Madan passed the name to Turner, who cabled it to colleagues at the Lowell Observatory in the United States. The new minor planet was officially named "Pluto" on 24 March 1930.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hall_Turner .
“Molly Rose Tuttle is an American vocalist, songwriter, banjo player and guitarist, recording artist and teacher in the bluegrass tradition, noted for her flatpicking, clawhammer, and crosspicking guitar prowess. She has cited Laurie Lewis, Kathy Kallick, Alison Krauss and Hazel Dickens as role models. In 2017, Tuttle was the first woman to win the International Bluegrass Music Association's Guitar Player of the Year award. In 2018 she won the award again, along with being named the Americana Music Association's Instrumentalist of the Year. Tuttle won the Best Bluegrass Album and received a nomination for the all-genre Best New Artist award at the 65th Annual Grammy Awards.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Tuttle
(from Wikipedia entry)
Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (2 October 1832 - 2 January 1917), was an English anthropologist.
Tylor is representative of cultural evolutionism. In his works Primitive Culture and Anthropology, he defined the context of the scientific study of anthropology, based on the evolutionary theories of Charles Lyell. He believed that there was a functional basis for the development of society and religion, which he determined was universal. Tylor is considered by many to be a founding figure of the science of social anthropology, and his scholarly works helped to build the discipline of anthropology in the nineteenth century. He believed that "research into the history and prehistory of man... could be used as a basis for the reform of British society."
Tylor reintroduced the term animism (faith in the individual soul or anima of all things, and natural manifestations) into common use. He considered animism to be the first phase of development of religions. E. B. Tylor was born in 1832, in Camberwell, London. He was the son of Joseph Tylor and Harriet Skipper, part of a family of wealthy Quakers who owned a London brass factory. His elder brother Alfred Tylor became a geologist.
He was educated at Grove House School, Tottenham, but due to the deaths of Tylor's parents during his early adulthood he never gained a university degree. After his parents’ deaths, he prepared to help manage the family business, but had to set this plan aside when he developed symptoms consistent with the onset of tuberculosis (TB). Following advice to spend time in warmer climes, Tylor left England in 1855, travelling to Mexico and Central America. The experience proved to be an important and formative one, sparking his lifelong interest in studying unfamiliar cultures.
During his travels, Tylor met Henry Christy, a fellow Quaker, ethnologist and archaeologist. Tylor's association with Christy greatly stimulated his awakening interest in anthropology, and helped broaden his inquiries to include prehistoric studies. Tylor’s first publication was a result of his 1856 trip to Mexico with Christy. His notes on the beliefs and practices of the people he encountered were the basis of his work Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern (1861), published after his return to England. Tylor continued to study the customs and beliefs of tribal communities, both existing and prehistoric (based on archaeological finds). He published his second work, Researches into the Early History of Mankind and the Development of Civilization, in 1865. Following this came his most influential work, Primitive Culture (1871). This was important not only for its thorough study of human civilization and contributions to the emergent field of anthropology, but for its undeniable influence on a handful of young scholars, such as J. G. Frazer, who were to become Tylor's disciples and contribute greatly to the scientific study of anthropology in later years.
Tylor was appointed Keeper of the University Museum at Oxford in 1883, and, as well as serving as a lecturer, held the title of the first “Reader in Anthropology” from 1884-1895. In 1896 he was appointed the first Professor of Anthropology at Oxford University. He was involved in the early history of the Pitt Rivers Museum, although to a debatable extent. Tylor’s notion is best described in his most famous work, the two-volume Primitive Culture. The first volume, The Origins of Culture, deals with ethnography including social evolution, linguistics, and myth. The second volume, Religion in Primitive Culture, deals mainly with his interpretation of animism. Fundamental to understanding Tylor’s notion is his negative feelings towards religion, and especially Christianity.
On the first page of Primitive Culture, Tylor provides a definition which is one of his most widely recognized contributions to anthropology and the study of religion:
"Culture, or civilization, taken in its broad, ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society."
Unlike many of his predecessors and contemporaries, Tylor asserts that the human mind and its capabilities are the same globally, despite a particular society’s stage in social evolution. This means that a hunter-gatherer society would possess the same amount of intelligence as an advanced industrial society. The difference, Tylor asserts, is education, which he considers the cumulative knowledge and methodology that takes thousands of years to acquire. Tylor often likens primitive cultures to “children”, and sees culture and the mind of humans as progressive. His work was a refutation of the theory of social degeneration, which was popular at the time. At the end of Primitive Culture, Tylor writes, “The science of culture is essentially a reformers' science.” A term ascribed to Tylor was his theory of "survivals". Tylor asserted that when a society evolves, certain customs are retained that are unnecessary in the new society, like outworn and useless "baggage". His definition of survivals is
"processes, customs, and opinions, and so forth, which have been carried on by force of habit into a new state of society different from that in which they had their original home, and they thus remain as proofs and examples of an older condition of culture out of which a newer has been evolved."
"Survivals" can include outdated practices, such as the European practice of bloodletting, which lasted long after the medical theories on which it was based had faded from use and been replaced by more modern techniques. Critics argued that he identified the term but provided an insufficient reason as to why survivals continue. Tylor’s meme-like concept of survivals explains the characteristics of a culture that are linked to earlier stages of human culture.
Studying survivals assists ethnographers in reconstructing earlier cultural characteristics and possibly reconstructing the evolution of culture. Tylor argued that people had used religion to explain things that occurred in the world. He saw that it was important for religions to have the ability to explain why and for what reason things occurred in the world. For example, God (or the divine) gave us sun to keep us warm and give us light. Tylor argued that animism is the true natural religion that is the essence of religion; it answers the questions of which religion came first and which religion is essentially the most basic and foundation of all religions. For him, animism was the best answer to these questions, so it must be the true foundation of all religions. Animism is described as the belief in spirits inhabiting and animating beings, or souls existing in things. To Tylor, the fact that modern religious practitioners continued to believe in spirits showed that these people were no more advanced than primitive societies. For him, this implied that modern religious practitioners do not understand the ways of the universe and how life truly works because they have excluded science from their understanding of the world. By excluding scientific explanation in their understanding of why and how things occur, he asserts modern religious practitioners are rudimentary. Tylor perceived the modern religious belief in God as a “survival” of primitive ignorance. He claimed the contemporary belief in God to be a survival, because science could explain the phenomena previously justified by religion.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Burnett_Tylor .
Louisa Charlotte Hamilton Tyndall was the wife of John Tyndall (1820-1893). They married in 1876 when she was 30 and he was 55. She was the daughter of Lord Claud Hamilton, a Conservative Member of Parliament for County Tyrone from 1835-1837 and 1839-1874.
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John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 - 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th century physicist. His initial scientific fame arose in the 1850s from his study of diamagnetism. Later he made discoveries in the realms of infrared radiation and the physical properties of air. Tyndall also published more than a dozen science books which brought state-of-the-art 19th century experimental physics to a wide audience. From 1853 to 1887 he was professor of physics at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London. Tyndall was born in Leighlinbridge, County Carlow, Ireland. His father was a local police constable, descended from Gloucestershire emigrants who settled in southeast Ireland around 1670. Tyndall attended the local schools in County Carlow until his late teens, and was probably an assistant teacher near the end of his time there. Subjects learned at school notably included technical drawing and mathematics with some applications of those subjects to land surveying. He was hired as a draftsman by the government's land surveying & mapping agency in Ireland in his late teens in 1839, and moved to work for the same agency in England in 1842. In the decade of the 1840s, a railroad-building boom was in progress, and Tyndall's land surveying experience was valuable and in demand by the railway companies. Between 1844 and 1847, he was lucratively employed in railway construction planning. In 1847 Tyndall opted to become a mathematics and surveying teacher at a boarding school in Hampshire. Recalling this decision later, he wrote: "the desire to grow intellectually did not forsake me; and, when railway work slackened, I accepted in 1847 a post as master in Queenwood College." Another recently arrived young teacher at Queenwood was Edward Frankland, who had previously worked as a chemical laboratory assistant for the British Geological Survey. Frankland and Tyndall became good friends. On the strength of Frankland's prior knowledge, they decided to go to Germany to further their education in science. Among other things, Frankland knew that certain German universities were ahead of any in Britain in experimental chemistry and physics. (British universities were still focused on classics and mathematics and not laboratory science.) The pair moved to Germany in summer 1848 and enrolled at the University of Marburg, where Robert Bunsen was an influential teacher. Tyndall studied under Bunsen for two years. Perhaps more influential for Tyndall at Marburg was Professor Hermann Knoblauch, with whom Tyndall maintained communications by letter for many years afterwards. Tyndall's Marburg dissertation was a mathematical analysis of screw surfaces in 1850 (under Friedrich Ludwig Stegmann). He stayed at Marburg for a further year doing research on magnetism with Knoblauch, including some months' visit at the Berlin laboratory of Knoblauch's main teacher, Heinrich Gustav Magnus. It is clear today that Bunsen and Magnus were among the very best experimental science instructors of the era. Thus, when Tyndall returned to live in England in summer 1851, he probably had as good an education in experimental science as anyone in England.
Tyndall's early original work in physics was his experiments on magnetism and diamagnetic polarity, on which he worked from 1850 to 1856. His two most influential reports were the first two, co-authored with Knoblauch. One of them was entitled "The magneto-optic properties of crystals, and the relation of magnetism and diamagnetism to molecular arrangement", dated May 1850. The two described an inspired experiment, with an inspired interpretation. These and other magnetic investigations very soon made Tyndall known among the leading scientists of the day. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1852. In his search for a suitable research appointment, he was able to ask the longtime editor of the leading German physics journal (Poggendorff) and other prominent men to write testimonials on his behalf. In 1853, he attained the prestigious appointment of Professor of Natural Philosophy (Physics) at the Royal Institution in London, due in no small part to the esteem his work had garnered from Michael Faraday, the leader of magnetic investigations at the Royal Institution. About a decade later Tyndall was appointed the successor to the positions held by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution on Faraday's retirement. Tyndall did not marry until age 55. His bride, Louisa Hamilton, was the 30-year-old daughter of a member of parliament (Lord Claud Hamilton, M.P.). The following year, 1877, they built a summer chalet in the Swiss Alps. Before getting married Tyndall had been living for many years in an upstairs apartment at the Royal Institution and continued living there after marriage until 1885 when a move was made to a house near Haslemere 45 miles southwest of London. The marriage was a happy one and without children. He retired from the Royal Institution at age 66 having complaints of ill health.
Tyndall became financially well-off from sales of his popular books and fees from his lectures (but there is no evidence that he owned commercial patents). For many years he got non-trivial payments for being a part-time scientific advisor to a couple of quasi-governmental agencies and partly donated the payments to charity. His successful lecture tour of the United States in 1872 netted him a substantial amount of dollars, all of which he promptly donated to a trustee for fostering science in America. Late in life his money donations went most visibly to the Irish Unionist political cause. When he died, his wealth was £22122. For comparison's sake, the income of a police constable in London was about £80 per year at the time.
In his last years Tyndall often took chloral hydrate to treat his insomnia. When bedridden and ailing, he died from an accidental overdose of this drug at age 73, and was buried at Haslemere. Afterwards, Tyndall's wife took possession of his papers and assigned herself as supervisor of an official biography of him. She dragged her feet on the project, however, and it was still unfinished when she died in 1940 aged 95. The book eventually appeared in 1945, written by A. S. Eve and C. H. Creasey, whom Louisa Tyndall had authorized shortly before her death.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyndall .
Janice Tyrwhitt (1928- ), author and editor, was born and educated in Canada, receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Toronto (1950). She worked as fiction editor and staff writer at Maclean's magazine (1950-1958), as an editor at Macmillan (1958-1960), and as writer and senior editor at Reader's digest (1974-1992). She was an editor for the Royal Commission on the Status of Woman (1970), a researcher on the television series "The Pierre Berton show" for two seasons, and sold freelance articles to Maclean's, Saturday night, The Star weekly, and other publications. She researched and wrote the text for "Bartlett's Canada," "The mill," and other books. She was Perre Berton's editor for style and substance from 1976 until his death in 2004.
“Ian Dawson Tyson was a Canadian singer-songwriter who wrote several folk songs, including "Four Strong Winds" and "Someday Soon", and performed with partner Sylvia Tyson as the duo Ian & Sylvia. [...] The pair became a full-time musical act in 1961 and married three years later. In 1969, they formed and fronted the group The Great Speckled Bird. [...] From 1970 to 1975, Tyson hosted a national television program, The Ian Tyson Show, on CTV, known as Nashville North in its first season. Sylvia Tyson and the Great Speckled Bird appeared often on the series. [...] In 1989, Tyson was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame. [...] Sylvia joined Ian to sing their signature song, "Four Strong Winds", at the 50th anniversary of the Mariposa Folk Festival on 11 July 2010, in Orillia, Ontario.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Tyson
“Sylvia Tyson, CM is a Canadian musician, performer, singer-songwriter and broadcaster. She is best known as part of the folk duo Ian and Sylvia, with Ian Tyson. Since 1993, she has been a member of the all-female folk group Quartette. [...] The Canadian Music Hall of Fame inducted Ian & Sylvia as a duo in 1992. In 2003, Sylvia Tyson was inducted into the Canadian Country Music Hall of Fame.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvia_Tyson
“Union Duke is two fifths country, two fifths city, and one fifth whiskey. They have been described as a raucous collision of alt-rock and twang, bringing crowds to their feet with songs from the heart. Soaring harmonies, driving rhythm, and an infectious enthusiasm have seen these five guys from youth to young manhood and helped carve out a space for themselves in the annals of Canadiana.”
The United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America was established in 1936, with the first Canadian local in Toronto created the following year. The union, long considered on the left-wing of Canadian labour unions, was dismissed from the Canadian Congress of Labour in 1949 for suspected Communist ties and it was not until 1973 that the union was re-admitted to the Canadian Labour Congress. The UE had forty-seven locals in Canada (1993) including locals in Toronto, Guelph, Peterborough and Montreal. In that year decreasing membership lead to an affiliation with the Canadian Auto Workers.
The University Women's Club of North York received its charter as the first suburban club and 70th member of the Canadian Federation of University Women in October 1951. The impetus for the establishment of this club came from Grace Morgan in conversation with some of her apartment building neighbours. These initial discussions led to an organizational meeting attended by Morgan and nine others at her home on October 18. The inaugural meeting, attended by 20 graduates, was held on October 31 and officers were elected including Margaret Wright as the first President and Morgan as Honourary President. In a short time, membership was up to 53 and this increased to 400 by 1976. The UWCNY offers a variety of opportunities for the intellectual enrichment of its members through general meetings, lectures, study and interest groups in areas such as money management, current events, art appreciation and book studies. Since 1954, through its scholarship fund, the club provides bursaries and awards to local area female students attending post-secondary institutions.
Priscila Uppal was born in Ottawa in 1974. She was a poet, novelist and professor of creative writing at York University. She completed a double honours B.A. in English and Creative Writing and a PhD in English Literature at York University in 1997 and 2002, respectively, and an M.A. in English from the University of Toronto in 1998. She published nine collections of poetry including 'Ontological Necessities' (2006) (shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize), 'Traumatology' (2010) and 'Successful Tragedies: Poems 1998-2010' (2010). Her work has appeared in national and international magazines. Her first novel, 'The Divine Economy of Salvation,' and the anthology 'Uncommon Ground : A Celebration of Matt Cohen,' which she co-edited with Graeme Gibson, Dennis Lee and Wayne Grady, were both published in 2002. Uppal's second novel, 'To Whom it May Concern,' was published in 2009, followed by 'Cover Before Striking,' published in 2015. Her non-fiction books are 'We Are What We Mourn' (2009) and 'Projection' (2013). Her play, 'What Linda Said,' was first performed at the SummerWorks Performance Festival in August 2017, and poems performed in the play were published by Gap Riot Press as a chapbook. Uppal also edited several collected works including 'The Exile Book of Poetry in Translation: Twenty Canadian Poets Take on the World' (2009), 'The Exile Book of Canadian Sports Stories' (2010), and The Best Canadian Poetry in English' (2011). She was the first poet-in-residence for the Rogers Cup Tennis Tournament (2011) and Olympic poet-in-residence at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Games and the 2012 London Summer Games. Uppal died in Toronto on September 5, 2018.
(from Wikipedia entry)
Allen Upward (1863 - 12 November 1926) was a poet, lawyer, politician and teacher. His work was included in the first anthology of Imagist poetry, Des Imagistes, which was edited by Ezra Pound and published in 1914.
Upward was brought up as a member of the Plymouth Brethren and trained as a lawyer at the Royal University of Dublin (now University College Dublin). While living in Dublin, he wrote a pamphlet in favour of Irish Home Rule.
Upward later worked for the British Foreign Office in Kenya as a judge. Back in Britain, he defended Havelock Wilson and other labour leaders and ran for election as a Lib/Lab candidate in the 1890s.
He wrote two books of poetry, Songs of Ziklag (1888) and Scented Leaves from a Chinese Jar. He also published a translation Sayings of Confucious and a volume of autobiography, Some Personalities (1921).
Upward wrote a number of now-forgotten novels: The Prince of Balkistan (1895), A Crown of Straw (1896), A Bride's Madness (1897), The Accused Princess (1900) (source: Duncan, p. xii), "''The International Spy: Being a Secret History of the Russo-Japanese War" (1905), and Athelstane Ford.
His 1913 book "The Divine Mystery" is an anthropological study of Christian mythology.
In 1908, Upward self-published a book (originally written in 1901) which he apparently thought would be Nobel Prize material: The New Word. This book is today known as the first citation of the word "Scientology", although it is used in the book in a disparaging way to describe "science elevated to unquestioning doctrine". It is unknown whether L. Ron Hubbard, the founder of the Scientology-organization, knew of this book.
In 1917 the British Museum refused to take Upwards' manuscripts, "on the grounds that the writer was still alive," and Upward burned them.
He shot himself in November 1926. Ezra Pound would a decade later satirically remark that this was due to his disappointment after hearing of George Bernard Shaw's Nobel Prize award which Shaw won in 1925.
For more information, see Wikipedia entry at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Upward .